Coffee? Tea? Many of us can’t imagine starting the day without our favourite brew.
The Australian workforce has come to rely on the stimulant effects of caffeine found in tea and coffee for improving alertness, focus, and cognitive function.
While the health risks of high caffeine consumption are relatively well understood (increased heart rate and blood pressure, insomnia, anxiety, digestive issues) some people are reaching for other substances to boost their productivity and it’s a trend that requires careful examination.
The perceived benefits of using nootropics in the workplace include improved focus, productivity, creativity, and overall cognitive performance. However, it is essential to note that these substances may also come with dangerous, even deadly, side effects.
what are NOOTROPICS?
Nootropics, also known as smart drugs or cognitive enhancers, are substances that can improve cognitive function, memory, or motivation in healthy individuals.
Nootropics come in various forms, including pharmaceutical (prescription) drugs that are designed to treat conditions such as sleepiness or narcolepsy, and to improve attention and focus in people with attention disorders.
There are also ‘over the counter’ Nootropic supplements such as some B vitamins, fish oil, Gingko biloba and Bacopa monnier.
Are they safe?
In short, there is no safe level of drug use. Taking any type of medication or drug always carries some risk, especially if not appropriately prescribed or administered.
Research into nootropics is still limited, therefore the potential side effects of ongoing use are not yet fully understood. To avoid potential short and long term harm, these medications should only ever be used with a prescription from a medical practitioner.
Categories of nootropics and their effects
There are three main categories of pharmaceutical nootropics – eugeroics, ADHD medications and nootropic supplements.
Whilst each category can offer the potential for the desired effects of increased alertness and wakefulness, the risks associated with negative side effects can be dangerous.
Eugeroics
Eugeroics (such as brand names Modavigil, Modafinil and and Nuvigil) are wakefulness-promoting agents that can help increase alertness and focus. They are often used to treat conditions like narcolepsy and sleep apnea and have been used by individuals dealing with sleep disturbances associated with shift work.
These drugs effect everybody differently, but some of the side effects include:
- increased alertness and focus
- reduced fatigue
- anxiety
- headache
- pins and needles
- chest pains
- dizziness
- sleeplessness
- nausea
- nervousness.
ADHD medications
ADHD medications such Methylphenidate, Lisdexamphetamine, Dexamfetamine are most commonly sold under the brand names of Adderall and Ritalin. They are stimulants that can improve attention, focus, and impulse control. To clarify, these medications are prescribed for individuals with diagnosed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, they have been misused by individuals hoping to enhance mental performance and alertness.
Research exploring the potential side effects of people without ADHD using Ritalin showed changes in brain chemistry associated with risk-taking behaviour and sleep disruption.
Other side effects include for example:
- high body temperature
- cardiovascular system failure
- hostility or paranoia
- irregular or increased heartbeat and palpitations
- increased blood pressure and respiration
- increased activity, talkativeness and alertness
- reduced fatigue, drowsiness and appetite
- dry mouth, dilated pupils, nausea and headaches
- high blood pressure and potential inflammation of heart valves
- skin disorders, vitamin deficiency, flushed or pale skin
- stomach ulcers and malnutrition
- mental health and behavioural problems
- dizziness and difficulty breathing
- loss of coordination and physical collapse
- unusual tiredness or weakness
- repetitive physical actions
- convulsions, coma, and death.
Nootropic supplements
Nootropic supplements, such as L-theanine, Bacopa monnieri, and Rhodiola rosea, some B vitamins, fish oil and Gingko biloba are natural substances that are believed to enhance cognitive function. They are often used as alternatives to prescription medications due to their perceived safety and accessibility.
Nootropics and the law
Modafinil and other Eugeroic drugs are Schedule 4 substances that can only be prescribed by a doctor or dentist in the ordinary course of their professions.
Methylphenidate is a Schedule 8 drug which means doctors must follow state and territory laws when prescribing it and must notify, or receive approval from, the appropriate health authority.
Moreover, using modafinil or methylphenidate without a prescription from a doctor, or selling or giving them to someone else, is illegal. There are also laws against forging or altering a prescription or making false representation to obtain pharmaceuticals or a prescription for them.
Nootropics in the workplace
In summary, when considering the use of nootropics in the workplace, both workers and employers should be aware of the ethical and legal implications. Furthermore, employers should establish clear policies regarding the use of cognitive-enhancing substances to ensure a safe working environment for all employees.
For more information about nootropics and how our occupational health services can assist your workplace, please contact our team.
